How To Perform Surgical Count Of Instruments?

If there’s one thing that made my hands sweat during my first week in the operating room, it wasn’t the sight of blood or the sound of cautery. It was the surgical count.

I remember my preceptor saying, “Always count like a life depends on it — because it does.” That stuck with me. Surgical count isn’t just a routine; it’s a safety net that protects patients from one of the most preventable surgical errors: retained surgical items.

So if you’re a nursing student, an OR tech in training, or someone new to the operating room, let me walk you through what I’ve learned — not just the how, but the why behind every count we do.

My First Surgical Count Experience

Let’s rewind to my first solo count.

I was assisting in a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Everything felt fast. The instruments kept piling up, and I was so focused on passing and receiving them that I almost forgot: it was time for the first count.

My circulator gently reminded me, “Initial count, please.”
I froze. “How many Mets did we have again?”
She smiled, “Don’t guess. Let’s do it together.”

That moment taught me that surgical count isn’t just about memory — it’s about system and teamwork.

What Is Surgical Count?

Surgical count refers to the process of counting all surgical items before, during, and after surgery — including instruments, sponges, needles, and other sharps. This ensures nothing is left inside the patient’s body.

It’s a shared responsibility between the scrub nurse (or tech) and the circulating nurse. And trust me, it’s one of the most important things we do.

When Do We Perform Surgical Count?

There are 3 main moments during surgery when we perform the surgical count:

Initial Count – Before the surgery starts, when everything is sterile and ready.
Closing Count – When the surgeon begins to close the cavity.
Final Count – At skin closure, to ensure nothing was added or misplaced during wound closure.

Extra counts may also be done when:

There’s a change in staff.
There’s a cavity within a cavity (think uterus during a C-section).
The surgeon suspects something’s missing.

What’s Included in the Surgical Count?

We count more than just the shiny tools. Here’s what we always account for:

Surgical Instruments – Forceps, scissors, clamps, etc.
Sponges & Gauze – Raytecs, laps, and small gauze pads.
Needles & Sutures – Including all sharps (even broken ones).
Miscellaneous Items – Vessel loops, blades, cottonoids, and sometimes even scratch pads.

Remember: If it can go inside the body, it must be counted.

How to Perform Surgical Count (Step-by-Step)

Let’s break down the surgical count into real, doable steps — just like I wish someone had done for me.

✅ Step 1: Set the Standard Before the Surgery

Before the procedure begins, gather your trays and materials and set them in a logical, organized way.

Lay out instruments in groups (clamps together, scissors together).
Count aloud with the circulator.
Confirm the number matches the instrument sheet or count sheet.
Speak clearly and point to each item.
Document everything.

This is your initial count. It sets the baseline.

✅ Step 2: Keep Track During the Surgery

This is where multitasking becomes your best friend.

Any additional instruments added? Alert your circulator.
New sponge opened? Say it out loud and note it.
Broken needle? You must retrieve all pieces — even 1mm tips.

I like to keep my sponges stacked neatly in piles of 5 or 10 — makes it easier to recount during closure.

✅ Step 3: Closing Count — Don’t Rush It

As the surgeon begins to close, announce “Closing count.”

Count in the same order as the initial count (sponges, sharps, instruments).
If anything is missing, stop everything. Inform the team immediately.
Do not proceed with closure until all items are accounted for.

It doesn’t matter if it’s a long shift or a minor case. Every count matters.

✅ Step 4: Final Count at Skin Closure

Once the cavity is closed and skin suturing begins, you do your final count.

This confirms that nothing was introduced during skin closure.
Document again.
Announce, “Final count complete, all items accounted for.”

That statement is more powerful than you think — it’s legal documentation and peace of mind.

What Happens When the Count Is Incorrect?

This is the scariest scenario. But it happens, and it’s better to face it calmly.

If the surgical count is incorrect:

Stop the closure.
Search the sterile field, floor, and garbage.
Do an instrument check again.
Surgeon may request an X-ray (especially for missing needles or sponges).
Incident report is filed if something was unaccounted for.

But don’t panic. As long as you’re honest and alert the team, you’re doing your job. I’ve seen counts go wrong — it’s the response that matters most.

Tips That Helped Me Master the Surgical Count

Let me share what personally helped me over time:

💡 Speak up, even if you’re unsure.
The worst mistake is staying silent. If something feels off, say something.

💡 Be consistent with your routine.
Count in the same order every time. It builds muscle memory.

💡 Keep the field organized.
A messy table = a confusing count.

💡 Don’t let pressure rush you.
Yes, the surgeon may be eager to close, but patient safety always comes first.

💡 Practice gratitude.
Even on stressful days, I remind myself: every count I do is someone’s life in my hands.

Why Surgical Count Is More Than Just Counting

For me, surgical count became a symbol of trust. I’m not just there to pass instruments — I’m there to protect the patient, even when they’re asleep and unaware. That responsibility changed how I see my role in the OR.

One surgeon once told me, “You’re the last line of defense.” That gave me a sense of pride. And it still does.

If you’re still learning or feeling unsure, know that we all start somewhere. I’ve fumbled counts. I’ve asked a thousand questions. But now, surgical count feels like second nature — because I treated it like the lifeline it is.

You’ve got this. Count loud, count proud, and never count alone.

Internal Link:

External Link:

Explore the AORN’s official guideline on surgical counts here: AORN Guidelines for Surgical Counts

Want more stories like this?

✨ Subscribe to my blog newsletter for weekly OR tips, nurse life updates, and wellness reminders straight to your inbox.

Share on Facebook

Category: Nursing BLog, Surgical Instruments